Cat health red flags: When to see a vet immediately

Cats are a bit like us Kiwis. We’re pretty good at brushing things off and not making a fuss, even when something isn’t quite right. Cats can be the same, experts at hiding when they are ill, they can often carry on their day without showing obvious signs they are sick… when they actually are!

This survival instinct comes from their wild roots, where showing weakness could make them vulnerable. But it’s far less helpful in life as a domesticated pet – subtle health issues can easily fly under the radar until they become more serious.

Picking up on the small changes, the ones that don’t seem like a big deal at first, can make a real difference to your cat. Acting early may help support simpler treatment, a smoother recovery, and reduced stress.

Related: How to spot pain in your pets

Common early warning signs your cat may be unwell

When a cat isn’t feeling right, the signs are often subtle.

Look out for:

• Vomiting or bringing up food regularly
• Breathing changes, such as faster breathing at rest, increased effort (e.g. abdominal movement or flared nostrils), or open-mouth breathing (which requires urgent attention)
• Sleeping more than usual or hiding away
• Eating less, skipping meals, or showing no interest in food
• Blood in their stool or urine
• A coat that looks untidy or changes in grooming habits
• Behaviour changes, like becoming withdrawn, clingy, or irritable

These can be early symptoms of common illnesses, even if your cat still seems mostly ‘normal’.

Related: What does your cat’s meow mean

Appetite loss

One of the most common red flags is a cat not eating.

While a missed meal here or there might not be unusual, going off food for more than 24 hours is something to take seriously. For overweight or unwell cats, even a shorter period without eating (especially alongside other symptoms) can be urgent – and should be checked by a vet – as it may increase the risk of a serious condition called hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver disease).

Loss of appetite can be linked to:

• Dental pain or mouth issues
• Infection or illness
• Stress or changes in their environment
• Digestive problems

Related: Understanding your senior cat: Health issues and behaviours

Drooling excessively

Most cats aren’t big droolers, so when it does happen, it’s usually a sign that something isn’t right.

Excessive drooling can point to:

• Dental disease or sore teeth
• Nausea (sometimes linked with cat vomiting)
• Exposure to toxic substances (e.g. certain plants, chemicals, medications)
• Injury inside the mouth

If your cat is drooling and also reluctant to eat, pawing at their mouth, or has bad breath, it’s time to see a vet.

Related: What to put in your pet first aid kit

Abscesses

An abscess is a pocket of infection under the skin, often filled with pus. They can develop quickly and often catch owners off guard.

They’re usually caused by bite wounds (especially from other cats) and may show up as:

• A swollen lump under the skin
• Pain or sensitivity when touched
• Warmth, redness, or fluid leaking from the area
• Sudden lethargy or fever

Even if the wound looks small on the surface, there can be a lot going on underneath. Abscesses need veterinary treatment to clean the infection and help them heal properly.

Related: What you need to know about chronic kidney disease in cats

When to take action and consult a vet

It’s not always easy to know what can wait and what can’t. When in doubt, it’s always safer to check.

Seek veterinary care promptly if your cat:

• Has stopped eating for more than 24 hours – or earlier for overweight or unwell cats
• Is drooling excessively or struggling to eat
• Has a lump, swelling, or suspected abscess
• Is vomiting repeatedly, or can’t keep food down
• Has unusual breathing or seems like a cat breathing fast
• Shows clear signs of pain or distress

SPCA guidance on responsible cat ownership highlights the importance of early action in preventing more serious health issues.

Related: Diabetes in cats: Prevention, symptoms and treatment

Understanding the costs of unexpected vet care

Unexpected vet visits can be stressful, especially when they happen suddenly.

Costs can include:

• Consultation fees
• Diagnostic tests like blood work or imaging
• Medications or procedures
• Ongoing follow-up care

These situations often come with time pressure, making it harder to weigh up decisions.

Support your cat’s health

You love your cats and you want to protect them. Pet insurance can help with eligible vet expenses. With cover in place, you’re better able to focus on getting your cat the care they need, rather than worrying about how much it might cost.

If you’re exploring your options, learn more about SPCA Pet Insurance. With three levels of cover available, you may find an option that suits your feline friend’s needs.